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Originally published as JCO Early Release 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.890 on March 7 2005

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 23, No 11 (April 10), 2005: pp. 2445-2459
© 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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OVERVIEW

Critical Update and Emerging Trends in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting in Cancer

José Baselga, Carlos L. Arteaga

From the Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; and Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology and Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN

Address reprint requests to José Baselga, MD, Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Paseo Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain; e-mail: jbaselga{at}vhebron.net.

ABSTRACT

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB receptor family that is abnormally activated in many epithelial tumors. The aberrant activation of the EGFR leads to enhanced proliferation and other tumor-promoting activities, which provide a strong rationale to target this receptor family. There are two classes of anti-EGFR agents: monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed at the extracellular domain of the receptor and small molecule, adenosine triphosphate–competitive inhibitors of the receptor's tyrosine kinase. Anti-EGFR MAbs have shown antitumor activity in advanced colorectal carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinomas. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have a partially different activity profile. They are active against NSCLC, and a specific EGFR inhibitor has shown improvement in survival. Recently, mutations and amplifications of the EGFR gene have been identified in NSCLC and predict for enhanced sensitivity to anti-EGFR TKIs. In addition to specific anti-EGFR TKIs, there are broader acting inhibitors such as dual EGFR HER-2 inhibitors and combined anti-pan-ErbB and antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors. Current research efforts are directed at selecting the optimal dose and schedule and identifying predictive factors of response and resistance beyond EGFR gene mutations and/or amplifications. Finally, there is a need for improved strategies to integrate anti-EGFR agents with conventional therapies and to explore combinations with other molecular targeted approaches including other antireceptor therapies, receptor-downstream signaling transduction inhibitors, and targeted approaches interfering with other essential drivers of cancer, such as angiogenesis.

NOTES

Supported by a Spanish Science and Technology Ministry Grant SAF2003-03818 (J.B.), a Breast Cancer Research Foundation Grant (J.B.), National Institutes of Health R01 grant CA80915 (C.L.A.), Breast Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Grant P50 CA98131, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA68485.

Terms in blue are defined in the glossary, found at the end of this issue and online at www.jco.org.

Authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article.




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