Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 19, Issue 8
(April), 2001: 2334-2356
© 2001 American Society for Clinical Oncology
When Is a Tumor Marker Ready for Prime Time? A Case Study of c-erbB-2 as a Predictive Factor in Breast Cancer
By Hideko Yamauchi,
Vered Stearns,
Daniel F. Hayes
From the Breast Cancer Program, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Address reprint requests to Daniel F. Hayes, MD, Research Building E504, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington D.C. 20007; email: hayesdf{at}gunet.georgetown.edu
PURPOSE: c-erbB-2 (HER-2, c-neu) might play a role as a predictive factor in breast cancer. However, the clinical utility of the marker in this disease is still not established. We conducted a critical analysis of the literature, in which we reviewed the factors that contribute to the lack of acceptance of c-erbB-2 for clinical use and attempted to determine the predictive role of c-erbB-2 for response to specific therapies.
METHODS: We conducted a MEDLINE literature search using the keywords c-erbB-2, HER2, neu, and breast cancer, reviewed the references included in each publication, and reviewed abstracts that have been reported in the 1997-2000 proceedings to the American Association of Cancer Research and American Society for Clinical Oncology annual meetings.
RESULTS: The preclinical and clinical data reported to date suggest that amplification or overexpression of c-erbB-2 is a weak to moderate negative pure prognostic factor. c-erbB-2 seems to be a weak to moderate negative predictive factor for response to endocrine therapy. The marker is also a moderate negative predictive factor for response to alkylating agents and a moderate positive predictive factor for response to anthracyclines. The data regarding response to taxanes or radiotherapy are not sufficient to make recommendations regarding treatment decision making. Finally, c-erbB-2 is a strong predictive factor for response to trastuzumab.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in the adjuvant setting, c-erbB-2 status should not be used to determine whether a woman should receive adjuvant systemic therapy (weak prognostic factor). In addition, c-erbB-2 status should not be used to determine whether a patient should receive endocrine therapy. When adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended, anthracycline-based therapy should be the preferred regimen for c-erbB-2positive patients. However, when anthracyclines are contraindicated, alkylating agentbased therapy should not be withheld. To determine the true predictive role and strength of the marker for response to each therapy, prospective randomized clinical trials or formal meta-analyses are required.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. M. Sturgeon, M. J. Duffy, U.-H. Stenman, H. Lilja, N. Brunner, D. W. Chan, R. Babaian, R. C. Bast Jr., B. Dowell, F. J. Esteva, et al.
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers
Clin. Chem.,
December 1, 2008;
54(12):
e11 - e79.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. P. Diamandis, B. R. Hoffman, and C. M. Sturgeon
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the Use of Tumor Markers
Clin. Chem.,
November 1, 2008;
54(11):
1935 - 1939.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Menard, A. Balsari, E. Tagliabue, T. Camerini, P. Casalini, R. Bufalino, F. Castiglioni, M. L. Carcangiu, A. Gloghini, S. Scalone, et al.
Biology, prognosis and response to therapy of breast carcinomas according to HER2 score
Ann. Onc.,
October 1, 2008;
19(10):
1706 - 1712.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. J. Gradishar, J. R. Bellon, M. A. Gadd, H. A. D'Alessandro, and K. Braaten
Case 30-2008 -- A 47-Year-Old Woman with a Mass in the Breast and a Solitary Lesion in the Spine
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 25, 2008;
359(13):
1382 - 1391.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. P. DiGiovanna, D. F. Stern, S. Edgerton, G. Broadwater, L. G. Dressler, D. R. Budman, I. C. Henderson, L. Norton, E. T. Liu, H. B. Muss, et al.
Influence of Activation State of ErbB-2 (HER-2) on Response to Adjuvant Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Fluorouracil for Stage II, Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Study 8541 From the Cancer and Leukemia Group B
J. Clin. Oncol.,
May 10, 2008;
26(14):
2364 - 2372.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kyndi, F. B. Sorensen, H. Knudsen, M. Overgaard, H. M. Nielsen, and J. Overgaard
Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, HER-2, and Response to Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in High-Risk Breast Cancer: The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 20, 2008;
26(9):
1419 - 1426.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L.-P. P. Tran and J. L. Grabinski
Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Paradigm in Flux
Journal of Pharmacy Practice,
February 1, 2008;
21(1):
46 - 56.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Azambuja, V. Durbecq, D. D. Rosa, M. Colozza, D. Larsimont, M. Piccart-Gebhart, and F. Cardoso
HER-2 overexpression/amplification and its interaction with taxane-based therapy in breast cancer
Ann. Onc.,
February 1, 2008;
19(2):
223 - 232.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Di Leo, S. Licitra, W. Claudino, and L. Biganzoli
Molecular Predictors of Response to Anthracyclines
ASCO Educational Book,
January 1, 2008;
2008(1):
3 - 7.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. K. Rathmell, W. M. Stadler, and B. I. Rini
Rational Therapeutic Choices and Strategies for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cancer
ASCO Educational Book,
January 1, 2008;
2008(1):
192 - 198.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. F. Hayes, A. D. Thor, L. G. Dressler, D. Weaver, S. Edgerton, D. Cowan, G. Broadwater, L. J. Goldstein, S. Martino, J. N. Ingle, et al.
HER2 and Response to Paclitaxel in Node-Positive Breast Cancer
N. Engl. J. Med.,
October 11, 2007;
357(15):
1496 - 1506.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A Di Leo
The state of HER-2 status
Ann. Onc.,
May 1, 2007;
18(5):
813 - 815.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. S. Hegde, D. Rusnak, M. Bertiaux, K. Alligood, J. Strum, R. Gagnon, and T. M. Gilmer
Delineation of molecular mechanisms of sensitivity to lapatinib in breast cancer cell lines using global gene expression profiles
Mol. Cancer Ther.,
May 1, 2007;
6(5):
1629 - 1640.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. C. Wolff, M. E. H. Hammond, J. N. Schwartz, K. L. Hagerty, D. C. Allred, R. J. Cote, M. Dowsett, P. L. Fitzgibbons, W. M. Hanna, A. Langer, et al.
American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
January 1, 2007;
25(1):
118 - 145.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Massarweh and R. Schiff
Resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer: exploiting estrogen receptor/growth factor signaling crosstalk
Endocr. Relat. Cancer,
December 1, 2006;
13(Supplement_1):
S15 - S24.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R Ponzone, F Montemurro, F Maggiorotto, C Robba, D Gregori, M. Jacomuzzi, F Kubatzki, D Marenco, A Dominguez, N Biglia, et al.
Clinical outcome of adjuvant endocrine treatment according to PR and HER-2 status in early breast cancer
Ann. Onc.,
November 1, 2006;
17(11):
1631 - 1636.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. A. Perez, V. J. Suman, N. E. Davidson, S. Martino, P. A. Kaufman, W. L. Lingle, P. J. Flynn, J. N. Ingle, D. Visscher, and R. B. Jenkins
HER2 Testing by Local, Central, and Reference Laboratories in Specimens From the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 Intergroup Adjuvant Trial
J. Clin. Oncol.,
July 1, 2006;
24(19):
3032 - 3038.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. H.C. Bramwell, G. S. Doig, A. B. Tuck, S. M. Wilson, K. S. Tonkin, A. Tomiak, F. Perera, T. A. Vandenberg, and A. F. Chambers
Serial plasma osteopontin levels have prognostic value in metastatic breast cancer.
Clin. Cancer Res.,
June 1, 2006;
12(11):
3337 - 3343.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. M. Ryan, G. E. Konecny, S. Kahlert, H.-J. Wang, M. Untch, G. Meng, M. D. Pegram, K. C. Podratz, J. Crown, D. J. Slamon, et al.
Survivin expression in breast cancer predicts clinical outcome and is associated with HER2, VEGF, urokinase plasminogen activator and PAI-1
Ann. Onc.,
April 1, 2006;
17(4):
597 - 604.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Rodenhuis, M. Bontenbal, Q. G. C. M. van Hoesel, W. M. Smit, M. A. Nooij, E. E. Voest, E. van der Wall, P. Hupperets, H. van Tinteren, J. L. Peterse, et al.
Efficacy of high-dose alkylating chemotherapy in HER2/neu-negative breast cancer
Ann. Onc.,
April 1, 2006;
17(4):
588 - 596.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. S. Knoop, H. Knudsen, E. Balslev, B. B. Rasmussen, J. Overgaard, K. V. Nielsen, A. Schonau, K. Gunnarsdottir, K. E. Olsen, H. Mouridsen, et al.
Retrospective Analysis of Topoisomerase IIa Amplifications and Deletions As Predictive Markers in Primary Breast Cancer Patients Randomly Assigned to Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil or Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, and Fluorouracil: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
J. Clin. Oncol.,
October 20, 2005;
23(30):
7483 - 7490.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P J Barrett-Lee
Growth factor signalling in clinical breast cancer and its impact on response to conventional therapies: a review of chemotherapy
Endocr. Relat. Cancer,
July 1, 2005;
12(Supplement_1):
S125 - S133.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. J. Burstein and E. P. Winer
HER2 or Not HER2: That Is the Question
J. Clin. Oncol.,
June 1, 2005;
23(16):
3656 - 3659.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. J. Duffy
Predictive Markers in Breast and Other Cancers: A Review
Clin. Chem.,
March 1, 2005;
51(3):
494 - 503.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Liu, L.-T. Chen, A. F. Y. Li, C. W. Wu, C. Lan, T. R. Chung, H.-S. Shiah, K. D. Lee, T. W. Liu, and J. W. Peng
Prognostic Implications of the Expression of erbB2, Topoisomerase II{alpha} and Thymidylate Synthase in Metastatic Gastric Cancer After Fluorouracil-based Therapy
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2004;
34(12):
727 - 732.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. F. Hayes
Tamoxifen: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
J Natl Cancer Inst,
June 16, 2004;
96(12):
895 - 897.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. J. Kostler, B. Schwab, C. F. Singer, R. Neumann, E. Rucklinger, T. Brodowicz, S. Tomek, M. Niedermayr, M. Hejna, G. G. Steger, et al.
Monitoring of Serum Her-2/neu Predicts Response and Progression-Free Survival to Trastuzumab-Based Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2004;
10(5):
1618 - 1624.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Camilleri-Broet, A. C. Hardy-Bessard, A. Le Tourneau, D. Paraiso, O. Levrel, B. Leduc, S. Bain, H. Orfeuvre, J. Audouin, and E. Pujade-Lauraine
HER-2 overexpression is an independent marker of poor prognosis of advanced primary ovarian carcinoma: a multicenter study of the GINECO group
Ann. Onc.,
January 1, 2004;
15(1):
104 - 112.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. F. Hayes
Playing the Old Piano: Another Tune for Endocrine Therapy?
J Natl Cancer Inst,
November 5, 2003;
95(21):
1565 - 1567.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Zhou, S.-M. Luoh, Y. Zhang, C. Watanabe, T. D. Wu, M. Ostland, W. I. Wood, and Z. Zhang
Genome-wide Identification of Chromosomal Regions of Increased Tumor Expression by Transcriptome Analysis
Cancer Res.,
September 15, 2003;
63(18):
5781 - 5784.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Rodenhuis, M. Bontenbal, L. V.A.M. Beex, J. Wagstaff, D. J. Richel, M. A. Nooij, E. E. Voest, P. Hupperets, H. van Tinteren, H. L. Peterse, et al.
High-Dose Chemotherapy with Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Rescue for High-Risk Breast Cancer
N. Engl. J. Med.,
July 3, 2003;
349(1):
7 - 16.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Girault, F. Lerebours, S. Amarir, S. Tozlu, M. Tubiana-Hulin, R. Lidereau, and I. Bieche
Expression Analysis of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Coregulators in Breast Carcinoma: Evidence That NCOR1 Expression Is Predictive of the Response to Tamoxifen
Clin. Cancer Res.,
April 1, 2003;
9(4):
1259 - 1266.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Zemzoum, R. E. Kates, J. S. Ross, P. Dettmar, M. Dutta, C. Henrichs, S. Yurdseven, H. Hofler, M. Kiechle, M. Schmitt, et al.
Invasion Factors uPA/PAI-1 and HER2 Status Provide Independent and Complementary Information on Patient Outcome in Node-Negative Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
March 15, 2003;
21(6):
1022 - 1028.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Bonnefoi, S. Diebold-Berger, P. Therasse, A. Hamilton, M. van de Vijver, G. MacGrogan, L. Shepherd, N. Amaral, C. Duval, R. Drijkoningen, et al.
Locally advanced/inflammatory breast cancers treated with intensive epirubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy: are there molecular markers in the primary tumour that predict for 5-year clinical outcome?
Ann. Onc.,
March 1, 2003;
14(3):
406 - 413.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Joensuu, J. Isola, M. Lundin, T. Salminen, K. Holli, V. Kataja, L. Pylkkanen, T. Turpeenniemi-Hujanen, K. von Smitten, and J. Lundin
Amplification of erbB2 and erbB2 Expression Are Superior to Estrogen Receptor Status As Risk Factors for Distant Recurrence in pT1N0M0 Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Clin. Cancer Res.,
March 1, 2003;
9(3):
923 - 930.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. R. Love, N. B. Duc, T. C. Havighurst, S. K. Mohsin, Q. Zhang, D. L. DeMets, and D. C. Allred
HER-2/neu Overexpression and Response to Oophorectomy Plus Tamoxifen Adjuvant Therapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Premenopausal Women With Operable Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol.,
February 1, 2003;
21(3):
453 - 457.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Stearns, B. Singh, T. Tsangaris, J. G. Crawford, A. Novielli, M. J. Ellis, C. Isaacs, M. Pennanen, C. Tibery, A. Farhad, et al.
A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study to Evaluate Predictors of Response in Serial Core Biopsies to Single Agent Neoadjuvant Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel for Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res.,
January 1, 2003;
9(1):
124 - 133.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Beltran, R. Colomer, A Lipton, S.M. Ali, and K. Leitzel
Does HER-2 Status Predict Only a Decreased Response to Hormone Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer, or Does It Also Predict the Extent of Metastatic Disease?
J. Clin. Oncol.,
December 1, 2002;
20(23):
4605 - 4606.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Mincey, F. M. Palmieri, and E. A. Perez
Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Recommendations for Management Based on Consensus Review and Recent Clinical Trials
Oncologist,
June 1, 2002;
7(3):
246 - 250.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Di Leo, D. Gancberg, D. Larsimont, M. Tanner, T. Jarvinen, G. Rouas, S. Dolci, J.-Y. Leroy, M. Paesmans, J. Isola, et al.
HER-2 Amplification and Topoisomerase II{alpha} Gene Aberrations as Predictive Markers in Node-positive Breast Cancer Patients Randomly Treated Either with an Anthracycline-based Therapy or with Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and 5-Fluorouracil
Clin. Cancer Res.,
May 1, 2002;
8(5):
1107 - 1116.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. N. Hait
The Prognostic and Predictive Values of ECD-HER-2
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2001;
7(9):
2601 - 2604.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. F. Hayes, H. Yamauchi, G. Broadwater, C. T. Cirrincione, S. P. Rodrigue, D. A. Berry, J. Younger, L. L. Panasci, F. Millard, D. B. Duggan, et al.
Circulating HER-2/erbB-2/c-neu (HER-2) Extracellular Domain as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 8662
Clin. Cancer Res.,
September 1, 2001;
7(9):
2703 - 2711.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|