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Evaluating the Financial Impact of Clinical Trials in Oncology: Results From a Pilot Study From the Association of American Cancer Institutes/Northwestern University Clinical Trials Costs and Charges Project

From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Division of Hematology/Oncology, and the Institute for Health Services Research and Policy Studies of Northwestern University, and the Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System–Lakeside, Chicago, IL; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center-University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA; and the Association of American Cancer Institutes and the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.

Address reprint requests to Charles L. Bennett, MD, PhD, Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System–Lakeside, 400 E Ontario Ave, Chicago, IL 60611; email cbenne{at}northwestern.edu

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Medical care for clinical trials is often not reimbursed by insurers, primarily because of concern that medical care as part of clinical trials is expensive and not part of standard medical practice. In June 2000, President Clinton ordered Medicare to reimburse for medical care expenses incurred as part of cancer clinical trials, although many private insurers are concerned about the expense of this effort. To inform this policy debate, the costs and charges of care for patients on clinical trials are being evaluated. In this Association of American Cancer Institutes (AACI) Clinical Trials Costs and Charges pilot study, we describe the results and operational considerations of one of the first completed multisite economic analyses of clinical trials.

METHODS: Our pilot effort included assessment of total direct medical charges for 6 months of care for 35 case patients who received care on phase II clinical trials and for 35 matched controls (based on age, sex, disease, stage, and treatment period) at five AACI member cancer centers. Charge data were obtained for hospital and ancillary services from automated claims files at individual study institutions. The analyses were based on the perspective of a third-party payer.

RESULTS: The mean age of the phase II clinical trial patients was 58.3 years versus 57.3 years for control patients. The study population included persons with cancer of the breast (n = 24), lung (n = 18), colon (n = 16), prostate (n = 4), and lymphoma (n = 8). The ratio of male-to-female patients was 3:4, with greater than 75% of patients having stage III to IV disease. Total mean charges for treatment from the time of study enrollment through 6 months were similar: $57,542 for clinical trial patients and $63,721 for control patients (1998 US$; P = .4)

CONCLUSION: Multisite economic analyses of oncology clinical trials are in progress. Strategies that are not likely to overburden data managers and clinicians are possible to devise. However, these studies require careful planning and coordination among cancer center directors, finance department personnel, economists, and health services researchers.

NOTES

Funding for this study was obtained from the Association of American Cancer Institutes and its member institutions.

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